{"id":3781,"date":"2018-03-21T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-03-21T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yukoil.com\/?p=3781"},"modified":"2018-03-21T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2018-03-21T10:00:00","slug":"kak-prigotovit-neft","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yukoil.com\/en\/kak-prigotovit-neft\/","title":{"rendered":"How Crude Oil Is Prepared"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><p>Oil that has just been extracted from underground contains a number of impurities. The main ones are formation water with dissolved mineral salts, and gases. These substances have a negative effect on storage, transportation and the subsequent refining of this \"black gold\".\u2026<\/p>\n<p><p>\nBefore crude oil is sent for refining, it must be prepared.<\/p>\n<p>\nThis process includes several stages, namely:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Removal of dissolved associated gases (oil stabilization);<\/li>\n<li>\nDesalting;<\/li>\n<li>\nDrying of the oil (dehydration).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\n <b>The first stage is stabilization.<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<p><p>\n The purpose of stabilization is to separate gases and gas condensate from the oil (gaseous products of the C1\u2013C4 series: propane, butane, methane and ethane, as well as C5+ gas condensate). This is done before refining to prevent the loss of significant amounts of light hydrocarbons during transportation and storage and, as a result, to avoid changes in the composition of the oil. The environmental factor must not be forgotten either: losses of gas and light gasoline fractions can have a negative impact on the atmosphere. That is why these products are separated from the oil before refining. Depending on a number of conditions, separation is carried out directly at the oil production site, at booster stations, and at gas processing plants.<\/p>\n<p>\n First, the associated gas is separated in gas separators by successively reducing the pressure and flow rate of the oil (multistage separation). Stabilization occurs as a result of desorption (the reverse of gas absorption by a liquid) and separation of volatile liquid hydrocarbons (gas condensate). With this separation method, up to 2% of C1\u2013C4 hydrocarbons remain in the oil.<\/p>\n<p>\n Today there are modern, energy-efficient methods of transporting crude oil with dissolved associated gases through pipelines.<\/p>\n<p>\n <b>Desalting and dehydration of oil.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><p>\n Removal of water and salts from oil takes place directly at the oil fields in oil treatment units and at refineries in ELOU-AVT units. Dehydration and desalting of oil are linked to the breaking of water-oil emulsions. At production sites, naturally occurring emulsions formed during extraction are broken. At refineries, emulsions are created deliberately in order to wash the oil repeatedly. As a result of washing, mineral salts dissolve and are removed together with the water. At the first treatment stage, the content of metal chlorides and water is reduced to 0.5\u20131.0% (100\u20131,100 mg\/l). At the second, to 0.05\u20130.1% (3\u20135 mg\/l).<\/p>\n<p>\n You can watch the demonstration video at <b><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/M2IwzIxIbS4?t=6\">this link.<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p><p>\n <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"111.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yukoil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/e8dde2f84f8fec0375fd55835d980bec_1.jpg\" title=\"111.jpg\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437-\u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0448\u043e\u043a. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445: \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 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\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0457\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0439, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-podiyi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u042f\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c 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