Modes of oil delivery differ in equipment, capacity and many economic indicators. The following…
The following modes of transport are used to move oil:
- rail
- water
- road
- air
- pipeline
The most common method of transportation is rail.
The popularity and development of this mode of delivery were influenced by the large number of distribution oil depots located along railway lines. In winter, the relevance of rail transport increases especially, because water and road transport are suspended. Oil is moved by rail in tank cars. Such trains are also called "bulk liquid unit trains".
Sea transportation.
Oil is usually transported in bulk on specially designed vessels. This mode is significantly more economical than others, since the cost of transportation includes almost no expenses for maintaining and repairing routes. The capacity of waterways is unlimited, which is an advantage over railways. However, the seasonality of water transport is a significant drawback.
Road transportation.
Road transport is widely used to deliver petroleum products from distribution oil depots directly to consumers, as well as in areas without rail or water links. Currently, petroleum products are transported by road not only over short but also over long distances of 1,000 km or more. Petroleum products are transported in special tank trucks, containers and other packaging (barrels, cans, etc.).
Trunk oil transportation is carried…
Trunk oil transportation is carried out through special pipelines from production points to consumption points. By type of product pumped, pipelines are divided into oil pipelines (pumping crude oil) and petroleum product pipelines (pumping gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil). Depending on the products transported, highly specialized pipeline systems are distinguished, such as: oil pipelines, petroleum product pipelines, gas pipelines and pipelines for transporting non-traditional cargo.
Pipeline transport has a number of advantages, such as:
- low pumping cost;
- negligible losses of petroleum products during pumping;
- short construction times;
- the possibility of pumping several grades of petroleum products at once;
- uninterrupted supply, independent of climatic conditions, etc.
